The Ultimate Guide to Visiting Peru: Discover the Land of the Incas

Written By Niclas Glud

Peru, a country of extraordinary contrasts and unparalleled natural beauty, beckons travelers with its rich history, vibrant culture, and stunning landscapes. From the enigmatic ruins of Machu Picchu to the lush expanses of the Amazon Rainforest, Peru offers a wealth of experiences for every type of adventurer. This comprehensive guide will navigate you through everything you need to know to make the most of your visit, including the best times to travel, key destinations, must-do hikes, and practical tips for a memorable journey.

Best Times to Visit Peru

High Season (June to August): This is the peak travel period, particularly popular among trekkers and those visiting Machu Picchu. Expect dry weather and clear skies, especially in the Andes, but also larger crowds and higher prices.

Shoulder Season (April to May, September to October): Ideal for those seeking fewer crowds and more favorable weather. The transition months offer a blend of good weather and moderate tourist traffic.

Low Season (November to March): While the rainy season in the Andes might deter some, this period offers lush landscapes and fewer tourists. The Amazon Rainforest is particularly vibrant, though trekking conditions in the highlands can be challenging.

Key Destinations and Cities

1. Lima: The Capital of Culinary Excellence

  • Attractions: Explore the historic center, a UNESCO World Heritage site, visit the Larco Museum for pre-Columbian art, and indulge in Lima’s world-renowned food scene.

  • Neighborhoods to Stay: Miraflores for its coastal views and vibrant nightlife, Barranco for its bohemian charm, and San Isidro for upscale accommodations.

2. Cusco: The Gateway to the Sacred Valley

  • Attractions: Wander through the Plaza de Armas, visit the Sacsayhuamán fortress, and explore the vibrant San Pedro Market.

  • Neighborhoods to Stay: The historic center for easy access to major sites, San Blas for artistic vibes, and Wanchaq for a more local experience.

3. Sacred Valley: Heart of the Inca Empire

  • Attractions: Discover the ancient ruins of Ollantaytambo, Pisac, and Chinchero. Enjoy the beautiful landscapes and local markets.

  • Where to Stay: Ollantaytambo and Urubamba offer charming accommodations with easy access to archaeological sites and scenic beauty.

4. Arequipa: The White City

  • Attractions: Admire the stunning architecture of the Santa Catalina Monastery, visit the Colca Canyon for condor spotting, and explore the historic center.

  • Where to Stay: The historic center provides convenient access to main attractions and dining options.

5. Puno and Lake Titicaca: The Highland Jewel

  • Attractions: Explore the floating Uros Islands and Taquile Island on Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world.

  • Where to Stay: Puno’s central area offers a range of accommodations with easy access to the lake.

6. Puerto Maldonado: Gateway to the Amazon

  • Attractions: Venture into the Amazon Rainforest, visit the Tambopata National Reserve, and experience wildlife spotting and indigenous culture.

  • Where to Stay: Eco-lodges and jungle lodges offer immersive experiences in the rainforest.

Must-Do Hikes and Treks

1. Inca Trail

  • Duration: 4 days, 3 nights

  • Difficulty: Moderate to strenuous

  • Highlights: Ancient Incan ruins, stunning mountain vistas, and the iconic Machu Picchu.

2. Salkantay Trek

  • Duration: 5 days, 4 nights

  • Difficulty: Strenuous

  • Highlights: High-altitude mountain scenery, diverse ecosystems, and the less-crowded approach to Machu Picchu.

3. Ausangate Trek

  • Duration: 6 days, 5 nights

  • Difficulty: Strenuous

  • Highlights: Rainbow Mountain, alpine lakes, and remote Andean beauty.

4. Huayhuash Circuit

  • Duration: 8-12 days

  • Difficulty: Very strenuous

  • Highlights: Majestic mountain peaks, turquoise lakes, and solitude.

5. Santa Cruz Trek

  • Duration: 4 days, 3 nights

  • Difficulty: Moderate

  • Highlights: Stunning glacial lakes, high-altitude scenery, and beautiful valleys.

6. Choquequirao Trek

  • Duration: 5 days, 4 nights

  • Difficulty: Strenuous

  • Highlights: The remote ruins of Choquequirao, diverse landscapes, and less-touristed paths.

How to Get Around

1. Domestic Flights: Efficient for traveling between major cities like Lima, Cusco, Arequipa, and Puerto Maldonado. Airlines like LATAM and Sky Airline offer regular services.

2. Buses: Long-distance buses connect major cities and are a cost-effective option. Look for reputable companies with comfortable services.

3. Trains: Scenic train rides to Machu Picchu from Cusco or Ollantaytambo are a popular choice, with options ranging from luxury to budget.

4. Taxis and Ride-Sharing: In cities, taxis and ride-sharing apps like Uber are convenient for local travel.

5. Car Rentals: For more flexibility, consider renting a car, particularly in areas like the Sacred Valley or around Arequipa.

Estimated Daily Costs

1. Budget Traveler: $30 - $50 per day

  • Accommodation: Hostels or budget hotels

  • Food: Local eateries and street food

  • Activities: Budget tours and self-guided exploration

2. Mid-Range Traveler: $50 - $150 per day

  • Accommodation: Mid-range hotels or guesthouses

  • Food: Mix of local and mid-range restaurants

  • Activities: Guided tours, entrance fees, and moderate adventure activities

3. Luxury Traveler: $150 - $300+ per day

  • Accommodation: Luxury hotels or high-end lodges

  • Food: Fine dining experiences

  • Activities: Private tours, high-end adventure experiences, and exclusive excursions

Practical Tips for Visiting Peru

1. Health and Safety:

  • Vaccinations: Check recommended vaccinations, including those for typhoid, hepatitis A, and malaria for the Amazon region.

  • Altitude Sickness: Acclimatize in Cusco or other high-altitude locations before embarking on treks.

2. Currency and Payments:

  • Currency: The Peruvian Nuevo Sol (PEN) is the local currency. Credit cards are widely accepted, but carry cash for smaller establishments and rural areas.

  • ATMs: Available in cities and major towns.

3. Language:

  • Spanish: The primary language spoken. English is commonly understood in tourist areas, but learning basic Spanish phrases can enhance your experience.

4. Packing Essentials:

  • Layered Clothing: Prepare for varying temperatures, especially if traveling between the highlands and the rainforest.

  • Sun Protection: Sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses are crucial.

  • Insect Repellent: Particularly important for the Amazon region to avoid mosquito bites.

5. Responsible Tourism:

  • Respect Local Cultures: Engage with local communities respectfully and follow their customs and traditions.

  • Eco-Friendly Practices: Support sustainable tourism by choosing eco-friendly accommodations and minimizing environmental impact.

Peru is a land of contrasts where ancient history meets natural splendor. From the vibrant energy of Lima to the serene beauty of the Andes and the Amazon, every corner of this captivating country offers something unique. By exploring its diverse landscapes, engaging with its rich culture, and respecting its environment, you’ll uncover the many layers that make Peru a truly extraordinary destination.

Niclas Glud
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